Comparing The Regency Era And The Current Decade. Class...

There is an evident differentiation when comparing the Regency Era to the current decade. Class issues, racial barriers, and heredity are no longer as crucial of a factor as they were when Jane Austen began her literary career. In the time period, she was surrounded by a copious amount of expectations; for example, a woman was expected to marry into or above her class, marry before reaching a certain age or accept the dreadful future of a spinster, and marry into the family in order to aggrandize old English money in the family. When John Lauber analyzed the Regency Era, he stated, â€Å"marriage was a woman’s goal and fulfillment, it was a woman’s career- a doctrine accepted by all of Austen’s heroines†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Lauber 26). In addition, marriage was crucial for women because there were few occupations open to females during the time period. A woman could rarely become considered an independent because job opportunities that would pay well and be considere d a reverential career were not available; therefore, women relied on inheriting money through marriage (Jane Austen Information Page). Austen focused on portraying the importance of societal expectations throughout her novel, Pride and Prejudice; nevertheless, Austen emphasized the reality of marriage being a strict agreement between two families with the premise of the marriage benefitting the wealth and class of the family as a whole. â€Å"Love† was a foreign idea that had absolutely had no role in deciding on a suitor. In Jane

Different Expressions Of Sex And Sexuality Essay - 1480 Words

Unit Four In the twenty first century, we now acknowledge that there are various expressions of sex and sexuality. This occurs because of the ideas and actions of people in the previous century. Because of them, we have expanded our concept of normal; however, we can still observe themes that have been present throughout history including: tradition, exclusion, and power. It is a misconception that most gay people were isolated before the gay rights movement. There is evidence to suggest that they formed communities in highly urban areas, like New York. These people were able to develop a culture around their sexuality with only minor interference from the others before world war two, â€Å"indifference or curiosity- rather than hostility or fear- characterized many New Yorker’s response to the gay world†1. Before this time, the one sex model was in effect, which allowed for practices like pederasty to be a norm. These examples show that we were not strictly intolerant of variant forms of sexuality, as long as no one was harmed by it and they didn’t disrupt day to day life. Once the 1950s was underway, the status of the gays changed. First there was the publishing of Kinsey’s first book, Sexual Behavior of the Human Male, which caused the spotlight to be thrown on the gays, and not for their benefit. There were gay men who had hoped that by joining the communist party, they could insight radical change in society and government. AS it turns out the communist party wasShow MoreRelatedA Study Of Ethics And Morality Essay1474 Words   |  6 Pagesextremely broad and general theme. It covers countless different areas of human life and our relationships with the decisions we make and their effects on all aspects of our own and others’ lives. According to the text of Thiroux and Krasemann, the topic of sexual morality is truly â€Å"the heart of morality† (260). 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It has simultaneously been the focus of scientific experimentation and theoretical debate since the emergence of the modern world. Traditional views designate sexuality as purposeful, which is to say that our sexual instinct compels us toward reproduction and the preservation of life. This parallels human sexuality to that of animals, an instinct that is genetically programmed into us for the purposeRead MoreAn Individual’S Sexual Curiosity In And Enticement To Other1095 Words   |  5 Pagesindividuals; having stimulating feelings and experiences, speak to human sexuality. Different from sexuality, biological sex is classified through genetics, anatomy, hormones and physiology; female or male. An individual s intelligence of their own gender refers to gender identity or sociocultural classification, which is also set apart from sexuality; however, it is constructed on biological sex and shapes sexual orientation. 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Civilizations are forced to live by rules and for certain purposes to ensure the governments own goals and aspirations, but arise for different reasons. Atwood is concerned with political groups and aspects of feminism; The Handmaids Tale illustrates how declining birth rates could lead to a state where women are forced into bearing children. In contrast, when Orwell wrote 1984, justRead MoreGeek Masculinity And Its Effects On Society836 Words   |  4 Pageshegemonic masculinity. Female nerds have more difficulty in fitting in because they are stereotyped as unattractive and face more negative consequences in comparison with men. Sometimes women use â€Å"masquerading† or creating an online identity that is different from one’s real identity such as gender or race. Girls are considered marginalized and consuming fans of media, which is also a case for â€Å"structured secondariness†. However, subcultures such as Riot Grrrls challenged this by using their participation

Automatic Railway Level Crossing Free Essays

AUTOMATED UNMANNED RAILWAY LEVEL CROSSING Abstract: In the rapidly flourishing country like ours, accidents in the unmanned level crossings are increasing day by day. No fruitful steps have been taken so far in these areas. The objective of our project is to provide an automatic railway gate at a level-crossing replacing the gates operated by the gatekeeper. We will write a custom essay sample on Automatic Railway Level Crossing or any similar topic only for you Order Now It deals with two things. Firstly, it deals with the reduction of time for which the gate is being kept closed. And secondly, it provides safety to the road users by reducing the accidents. By employing the automatic railway gate control at the level crossing the arrival of the train is detected by the sensors placed near to the gate and transmits the information to the gate controller via wired or wireless. Hence, the time for which it is closed is less compared to the manually operated gates. The operation is automatic i. e. , error due to manual operation is prevented. By employing the automatic railway gate control at the level crossing the arrival of train is detected by the sensor placed on either side of the gate at about 3km from the level crossing. Hence, the time for which it is closed is less compared to the manually operated gates and also reduces the human labour. This type of gates can be employed in an unmanned level crossing where the chances of accidents are higher and reliable operation is required. Since, the operation is automatic error due to manual operation will be prevented. Once the arrival of the train is sensed, the sensed signal is sent to the microcontroller via, wired or wireless transmission and it checks for possible presence of vehicle between the gates. Subsequently, buzzer indication and light signals on either side are provided to the road users indicating the closure of gates. Once, no vehicle is sensed in between the gate the motor is activated and the gates are closed. But, for the worst case if any obstacle is sensed it is indicated to the train driver by signals (RED) placed at about 1km, so as to bring it to halt well before the level crossing. When no obstacle is sensed GREEN light is indicated, and the train is to free to move. The departure of the train is detected by sensors placed at about 1km from the ate. The signal about the departure is sent to the microcontroller, which in turn operates the motor in reverse way and opens the gate. Thus, the time for which the gate is closed is less compared to the manually operated gates. Also reliability is high as it is not subjected to manual errors. Components : IR sensors or Vibration sensors, Microcontroller, L293D(driver IC), Stepper motor, Wireless Transmitter and Receiver, power supply. HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION Micro Controller Totally 40-pin DIP package manufactured with CMOS Technology. L293D (motor driver IC) Racially L293D 16DIP /ULN 2003 IC is used to drive the stepper motor. STEPPER MOTOR This is used to open and close the gates automatically when it is rotated clock wise or anticlockwise direction. Stepper motor requires 500m amps current, so use the L293D drivers to drive the stepper motor. SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION Keil By 1. B. BHARATH KUMAR REDDY – 113004045 2. P SAMBASIVA RAO – 113004161 3. T. RANGA VINOD KUMAR – 113004207 4. T. SIVA NARAYANA REDDY – 113004205 How to cite Automatic Railway Level Crossing, Essay examples

Business Process Mapping Workbook Customer Satisfaction Samples

Question: Diacuss about the Business Process Mapping Workbook : Customer Satisfaction. Answer: Introduction Generally, this research paper is based on the Heartland Equestrian Centre App Project. Moreover, this research study is provides information on roles, concepts and importance of project methodologies in the IT (Information Technology). This study is also analyzes how to align IT project with the organizational objectives. Moreover, it will also provide a clear description about the various strategies for coordinating IT project change, project planning, selection techniques, decision making and problem solving approaches in the context of IT projects. Additionally, it is also analyze systems thinking approach to managing IT projects. In the same way, the project management concepts and methods with regards to the IT project would be discussed in order to attain the objectives of the study. The company Heartland is expecting to develop a most appropriate and suitable app to attain the objectives and overcome the current business challenges. This app would help the company in motivating and encouraging the clients. The company is developing this app because to optimize for Android as well as iPhone devices. Additionally, it is decided by the company that, the responsible people and specialist would adopt a development approach to effectively and successfully execute this new app for Android and iPhone instruments. The mission statement of the company is to provide a full range of services (riding, training, jumping, etc.) to their clients in more appropriate and innovative manner. Additionally, the key objective of the project is to develop a suitable app that can be used in the Android and IPhone devices. Moreover, to help the clients in enrolling and paying for their riding lesions, retraining, and booking trail rides and horse boarding. Furthermore, to help the clients of company in subscribing the newsletters and various upcoming events is also other objective of the project. In addition, the new app must also provide an album of photo so that the client can capture their memories. The overall objective of the project is to attract customers and improve customers services by enhancing full range of services (Harper-Smith, Derry, 2010). Outline of Problem/Opportunity Statement The given case clearly indicates that, currently Heartland is facing several problems. For instance, the profit and revenue level of the company are decreasing day by day due to fall in the private lessons, boarding horses, no of trainer etc. For example, the highly respected and professional trainer had left the company. Moreover, by developing new app the company would be able to gain various business opportunities. For case, the new app would improve current services and bring innovation within the business process and results in increase of number of customers (Jacka, Keller, 2009). The company and its management would need to think strategically and innovatively to align the project objectives with the organizational vision. Moreover, the time period to develop the new app is the main constraint of the project (Dow Taylor, 2010). Preliminary Project Requirements The project would require various specific and systematic development approaches for the project. Moreover, there would also be requirements for the special experts to get the suggestion about the development of new app. On the other hand, a team of programmers as well as digital image specialist would also be required to work on the app (Pemsel Wiewiora, 2013). The company may face several risk related to hacking, data security, unexpected results, busy servers etc. The company would also have to invest billions of dollars to modify the current app (Kerzner Saladis, 2013). The new app would help the company in bringing innovation within the current business process, systems and strategies. Moreover, the company can be able to provide more innovative services to their clients (Kerzner, 2013). On the basis of above analysis, it can be recommended that, the top management of the company should provide needed and appropriate support to their teams to develop the app. References Dow, W. Taylor, B. (2010). Project Management Communications Bible. USA: John Wiley Sons. Harper-Smith, P. Derry, S. (2010). Project Management: Fast Track to Success: The low down on the top job. UK: Pearson UK. Jacka, J.M. Keller, P.J. (2009). Business Process Mapping Workbook: Improving Customer Satisfaction. USA: John Wiley Sons. Kerzner, H.R. Saladis, F.P. (2013). Project Management Workbook and PMP / CAPM Exam Study Guide. 11th ed. USA: John Wiley Sons. Kerzner, H.R. (2013). Project Management: Case Studies (4th ed.). USA: John Wiley Sons. Pemsel, S., Wiewiora, A. (2013) Project management office a knowledge broker in project-based organisations. International Journal of Project Management, 31(1), 31-42.

The United States Department of Defense Essay Sample free essay sample

The U. S. Department of Defense is the largest employer in the universe. using about 3. 2 million people on active responsibility. in the militias. and in the civilian sector ( Alexander. 2012 ) . The Department of Defense is an independent bureau runing under the legal power of the Federal Government. More than half of the one-year Federal discretional budget goes to the Department of Defense. There are three sections within the Department of Defense: the Department of the Army. the Department of the Navy and the Department of the Air Force ( â€Å"Department of defence. † ) . Additionally. there are countless bureaus within the Department of Defense. including the Missile Defense Agency. the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. and the Defense Intelligence Agency ( â€Å"Department of defence. † ) . The intent of the Department is to supply for fatherland security and the protection of American involvements abroad through the armed forces. moving on the bid of t he President. U. S. Congress. and the Secretary of Defense. The Department of Defense is headquartered in Arlington. Virginia. at the Pentagon. and the Department has lasting military bases located throughout the Earth. Equally long as America has been a state. it has had a standing military. preceding the American Revolution. In 1789. U. S. Congress established the War Department. and in 1798. the Department of the Navy was established ( Polmar. 2005 ) . The two sections had secretaries who held places within the President’s cabinet and acted as his advisers ( Polmar. 2005 ) . In 1945. President Harry S. Truman advised Congress to centralise province defence into one incorporate section ; with the transition of the National Security Act of 1947. the National Military Establishment was created ( Hogan. 2000 ) . The freshly unified military force so became overseen by the Secretary of Defense. At this clip. the National Security Council and the Central Intelligence Agency were created. A proviso to make the places of Joint Chiefs of Staff was besides included in the Act ; the Joint Chiefs of Staff straight advises the Secretary of Defense. every bit good as the Homeland Security Office. the Na tional Security Council and the President on affairs of war ( Polmar. 2005 ) . The Department of Defense Act of 1958 modified the concatenation of bid. traveling most of the determinations off from the Military Departments and into the custodies of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Secretary of Defense ( Polmar. 2005 ) . The President holds the highest office in the Department of Defense. functioning as the Commander in Chief as designated by the U. S. Constitution. The power vested in the President is channeled through the Secretary of Defense. who acts every bit adviser to the President and maintains control of the Department. second in bid merely to the President ( â€Å"Org chart. † ) . The Secretary of Defense is appointed by the President and approved by members of U. S. Congress. and handles the twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours operations of the Department ( â€Å"Org chart. † ) . Under the U. S. Constitution. merely U. S. Congress has the power to officially publish declarations of war at the petition of the President. and has done so 11 times throughout the history of the United States ( â€Å"Official declarations of. † ) . Undeclared war and drawn-out struggles have been carried out without the consent of Congress on over one 100 occasions. most notably when there is the at hand menace of danger to the United States or its involvements ( â€Å"The president’s constitutional. † 2001 ) . In 1973. U. S. Congress passed the War Powers Resolution. which placed a cheque on the President’s ability to direct military personnels into armed struggle without congressional consent ( â€Å"50 usc chapter. † ) . The Resolution holds that the President can non direct military personnels to war without congressional mandate. or in the event of â€Å"a national exigency created by onslaught upon the United States. its districts or ownerships. or its armed forces† ( â€Å"50 usc chapter. † ) . The Resolution holds that the President must advise Congress within 48 hours of make up ones minding to direct military personnels to conflict and the military personnels can non stay for more than two calendar months or 60 yearss ( â€Å"50 usc chapter. † ) . The Department of Defense one-year budget histories for over 45 per centum of international military disbursement ( â€Å"Military disbursement: defence. † 2011 ) . In 2010 entirely. the Department was allotted 21 per centum of the Federal budget. $ 533. 7 billion. with a $ 75. 5 billion accommodation for the twelvemonth 2009 and $ 130 billion for abroad struggle ( â€Å"Military disbursement: defence. † 2011 ) . As such. the Department of Defense was allocated a expansive sum of $ 1. 2 trillion dollars for the financial twelvemonth 2010 ( â€Å"Military disbursement: defence. †2011 ) . Since that clip. the Departmental budget has increased to $ 1. 5 trillion ( Shah. 2012 ) . The budget continues to increase yearly. thanks in portion to the proliferation of engineering in modern warfare and in portion to the continued struggles in Iraq and Afghanistan. The military-industrial complex employs 1000000s of Americans in the civilian sector. many working as sub-contra ctors and in the development of modern arms of war in weaponries mills. The United States has become a major universe power over the past two centuries ; as such. it is of no little effect that the United States possesses the most powerful military forces in the universe. Yet in comparing to other states. the United States defence budget may look extreme. even when one examines the dislocation of the American Federal budget line by line. To derive a spot of position. the national defence budget of the state of China was $ 106 billion for the twelvemonth 2012 ; China possesses the 2nd most powerful military in the universe ( Shah. 2012 ) . Systematically. more federal support goes straight to the Pentagon than to public instruction or to public wellness ; moreover. to welfare plans that would profit the needy. While any sensed menace to the safety of American citizens is non to be taken lightly. and while such danger requires a response by our armed forces. the fact is merely that some of the huge resources allocated to the Department of Defense may be better utilized elsewhere. The Department of Defense is really necessary as an executive section. as the defence of American lives and resources is of the extreme importance. Yet more of our revenue enha ncement dollars are used for the intents of the Department of Defense than to straight profit the mean American. It is of no uncertainty that the Department of Defense is really of import to the U. S. Government. and many of the determinations made by the Secretary of Defense and the Joint Chiefs of Staff on a day-to-day footing to safeguard American citizens will neer make our newspapers. The modern nation-state requires a force to protect and function. and this is the map of the Department of Defense. in protecting Americans and their involvements within our boundary lines and around the universe. Plants Cited ( 2011 ) . Military disbursement: defence costs. The Economist. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. economic expert. com/blogs/dailychart/2011/06/military-spending Alexander. R. ( 2012. Mar 12 ) . Which is the world’s biggest employer? . BBC. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. bbc. co. uk/news/magazine-17429786 Cornell Law. ( n. d. ) . 50 usc chapter 33 – war powers declaration. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. jurisprudence. Cornell. edu/uscode/text/50/chapter-33 Department of defence. ( n. d. ) . Retrieved fromhypertext transfer protocol: //www. usa. gov/Agencies/Federal/Executive/Defense. shtml Hogan. M. ( 2000 ) . A cross of Fe. ( p. 37 ) . Cambridge University Press. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //books. Google. com/books? id=Hd4C3cY7Y7IC A ; pg=PA37 Polmar. N. ( 2005 ) . The naval institute usher to the ships and aircraft of the us fleet. ( p. 17 ) . Naval institute imperativeness. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //books. Google. com/books? id=8MwyTX-iA2wC A ; pg=PA17 Shah. A. ( 2012 ) . World military disbursement. Global Issues. Retrieved from World Wide Web. globalissues. org/article/75/world-military-spending [ gt ; 0 ] U. S. Department of Defense. Office of Secretary of Defense. ( n. d. ) . Org chart. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. defence. gov/orgchart/ U. S. Department of Justice. ( 2001 ) . The president’s constitutional authorization to carry on military operations against terrorists and states back uping them. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. justness. gov/olc/warpowers925. htm U. S. Senate. ( n. d. ) . Official declarations of war by Congress. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. senate. gov/pagelayout/history/h_multi_sections_and_teasers/WarDeclarationsbyCongress. htm [ gt ; 0 ] – hypertext transfer protocol: //www. globalissues. org/article/75/world-military-spending

Understanding the Ninth Amendments Effect and History

Understanding the Ninth Amendments Effect and History The Ninth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution attempts to ensure that certain rights - while not specifically listed as being granted to the American people in the other sections of the Bill of Rights - should not be violated. The complete text of the Ninth Amendment states: â€Å"The enumeration in the Constitution of certain rights shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.† Over the years, the federal courts have interpreted the Ninth Amendment as confirming the existence of such implied or â€Å"unenumerated† rights outside those expressly protected by the Bill of Rights. Today, the Amendment is often cited in legal attempts to prevent the federal government from expanding the powers of Congress specifically granted to it under Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution. The Ninth Amendment, included as part of the original 12 provisions of the Bill of Rights, was submitted to the states on September 5, 1789, and was ratified on December 15, 1791. Why This Amendment Exists When the then proposed U.S. Constitution was submitted to the states in 1787, it was still strongly opposed by the Anti-Federalist Party, Led by Patrick Henry. One of their main objection to the Constitution as submitted was its omission of a list of rights specifically granted to the people - a â€Å"bill of rights.† However, the Federalist Party, led by James Madison and Thomas Jefferson, contended that it would be impossible for such a bill of rights to list all conceivable rights, and that a partial list would be dangerous because some might claim that because a given right was not specifically listed as protected, the government had the power to limit or even deny it. In an attempt to resolve the debate, the Virginia Ratifying Convention proposed a compromise in the form of a constitutional amendment stating that any future amendments limiting the powers of Congress should not be taken as justification for expanding those powers. This proposal led to the creation of the Ninth Amendment. Practical Effect Of all the amendments in the Bill of Rights, none is stranger or harder to interpret than the Ninth. At the time it was proposed, there was no mechanism by which the Bill of Rights could be enforced. The Supreme Court had not yet established the power to strike down unconstitutional legislation, and it was not widely expected to. The Bill of Rights was, in other words, unenforceable. So what would an enforceable Ninth Amendment look like? Strict Constructionism and the Ninth Amendment There are multiple schools of thought on this issue. Supreme Court justices who belong to the strict constructionist school of interpretation essentially say that the Ninth Amendment is too vague to have any binding authority. They push it aside as a historical curiosity, in much the same way that more modernist justices sometimes push the Second Amendment aside. Implicit Rights At the  Supreme Court level,  most justices do believe that the Ninth Amendment has binding authority, and they use it to protect implicit rights hinted at but not explicated elsewhere in the Constitution. Implicit rights include both the right to privacy outlined in  the landmark 1965 Supreme Court case of  Griswold v. Connecticut, but also basic unspecified rights such as the right to travel and the right to the presumption of innocence until proven guilty.   Writing in the Court’s majority opinion Justice William O. Douglas stated that â€Å"specific guarantees in the Bill of Rights have penumbras, formed by emanations from those guarantees that help give them life and substance.† In a lengthy concurrence, Justice Arthur Goldberg added, â€Å"The language and history of the Ninth Amendment reveal that the Framers of the Constitution believed that there are additional fundamental rights, protected from governmental infringement, which exist alongside those fundamental rights specifically mentioned in the first eight constitutional amendments.† Updated by Robert Longley

Multiculturalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Multiculturalism - Essay Example In general, the practice of multiculturalism is said to be effective in improving the marketing communication of the Chinese and Indians who are residing in Australia. (Zhu, Nel, and Bhat, 2006) By considering the intercultural dimension and characteristics of each customer, business people are able to create a stronger buyer-seller relationship. Among the Australian Indians, it is the creation of trust and loyalty between them and the Asian seller(s) which further creates a way to develop future business opportunities. On the other hand, the Australian Chinese develop a close relationship with its Asian suppliers in order for them to be able to be able to end up making a win-win negotiation concerning the price and quality of the products they will purchase.Aside from improving the purchasers’ relationship with the Asian suppliers, multiculturalism also improves the working relationship between Australian business owners and their employed groups of workers in the Asian count ries. As a result of implementing multiculturalism within a business institution, a company’s all business performance and efficiency can be improved.The application of multiculturalism in doing business with Asia particularly in the trading of human power, raw materials, and finished products removes the cultural barriers and racial discrimination between Australia and the Asian countries. International trading is important since it could result in a significant economic advantage on the part of Australia.

See the prompts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

See the prompts - Essay Example 2 women and 3 men show their presence on â€Å"the simple kitchen stage in the play.† The two women are wives of the sheriff and the farmer and they mostly remain on the stage, whereas there men characters â€Å"county attorney, sheriff and a neighboring farmer† arrive and depart from the stage several times, as they constantly discuss and search for proof and intentions behind the murder. The women examine the â€Å"little things† in the kitchen (Judith, p.461) Men ignore issues which women consider important and the women ponder how Mrs. Wright made preparations about completing the quilt. They strike a feminine commonality as they share their own experiences in the light of the evidence now found and with the discovery of â€Å"a battered birdcage and the dead canary,† they are elated about their findings and think that they have stuck at the evidence for the motive of the murder. â€Å"Glaspell conveys the setting in three realms: time (era), regional (geographical), and domain (kitchen). Collectively the three setting elements portray the values, ideals, and attitudes of the characters giving deeper meaning to the play’s outcome. (Judith, p.461) â€Å"The ideals, values and disposition of the characters are linked to setting, physical and time details and the author passes an indictment against the society that demeans women and eulogises men for their so-called superior talents. â€Å"Values, ideals and attitudes of people† in â€Å"Trifles† need more analysis. Trifles saw the light of the day in 1916. In that period, the social conditions of women were poor and political rights for them were non-existent in United States. Women had no voting rights, and they were not appointed as juries. The responsibility of women was restricted within the four walls of the house and it was a male-dominated society. Glaspell has made the intelligent use of gender and values in this play. The women are aware that their o pinion is of no consequence in finding the motive of the murder. So this gender war reaches the setting of this play, women do investigations, and the kitchen in secular terms, is the female-dominated area. Men do investigation in other areas and from other angles, and they do not give any importance to the kitchen. Men consider themselves to be intellectually superior, and the women have accompanied them as mere enclosures. The opinions of women are not counted and they have no say, let alone the final say. These women prove how wrong the gender bias is. They find the evidence to show how their sixth sense works, and why they are equal to men if not more equal, by finding the evidence for the murder. Thus the gender values of the time are challenged by Glaspell. The gender bias and the husband-wife relationship, relevant to the time, have been subtly described by Glaspell through the characterisation of Mr. and Mrs. Wright. He is busy in the farm and she is busy in the unending dom estic chores. She waits for her husband to return from the farm, and even when he comes his arrival did not bring cheer to her as Glaspell puts it, â€Å"no company when he did come in† (Judith,p.463). Her life is lonely and frozen. Setting kitchen as the stage has profound meaning; it is as well refers to the conditions prevailing in the society of the 19th century. The man-woman divide is complete; each section dominates the external and the internal worlds in complying with the attitudinal difference between the genders. So, the author places the two

Group Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Group Plan - Essay Example 365). A more recent research conducted by Reynolds, Chen and Herbers (2009) indicates that mobility can not only impact students’ academic performance but can also increase the risk of dropping out. This study examined the consequences of student mobility for academic performance and dropout rates in 16 research studies conducted from 1990-2008. Result findings indicate that student mobility accounted for a 1/3 higher rate of both academic under achievement and drop-out rates (1). Rumberger (2002) advices that since nothing can be done about mobility the best response is to inform students and their families of the difficulties that are associated with â€Å"changing schools and how to mitigate them† (p.1). Specifically, Rumberger (2002) recommends that schools should be prepared in advance for the reception of highly mobile students in order to facilitate the transitioning process the moment they arrive. Moreover, schools should set up â€Å"ongoing activities and pro cedures to address the needs of the new student† (Rumberger 2002, p. 2). This group plan is therefore guided by Rumberger’s advice and the documented evidence of the propensity for academic underperformance of students in regular or frequent transition. ... It is difficult to predict the number of students that will be participating in each session, but it is expected to have at least five students and could be as much as twenty. At any rate, teacher representatives from each grade will be asked to participate in the group plan as a means of ensuring that incoming students and their parents/guardians can address any concerns about the curriculum and anything specific to their grade. These teachers are also expected to provide reassurance that they are there for the students and their parents/guardians and when and where they can be contacted. Academic dean, Arthur Baldridge will also be asked to participate in the sessions as frequently as possible. His role is merely to introduce himself and to make himself available to students and their parents/guardians. How Members will be selected Members will be selected by reference to the enrolment register. The enrolment register will inform of new and incoming students. Staff will be selected from among teachers and counsellors based on expertize and availability. The Academic Dean is very important because he administers and plans according to goals set for the student and the academic needs of the students. By participating in the group plan, the Academic Dean will focus special attention on the academic needs of transitioning students. Logistics: The sessions will be conducted once a week for one hour per session for six weeks. The sessions will be held in discussion form and since questionnaires will be distributed in the first and last sessions, it is best to hold the sessions in a classroom. Leadership Skills: As a leader of this

Strategic Analysis of the Current Status of Aktel Mobile

Strategic Analysis of the Current Status of Aktel Mobile â€Å"Strategic Analysis of The Current Status of AKTEL Mobile Regarding Marketing HR Division† Executive Summary According to the Industry Life Cycle, the operation of TMIB in Bangladesh, as it seems, is still in the growth stage. So the investment of TMIB in the prepaid section has been speculative since the last couple of years. This survey was conducted among the current customers of AKTEL, both pre-paid and post paid. About 10 years back there was only BTTB to offer telecommunication services to the market in Bangladesh. Although there was tremendous market demand, due to the government lack of initiative in this promising sector was not invested enough and the government deprived itself of lots of revenue, which it could have earned easily. In 1990 for the first time the government allowed the private sector to invest in the telecommunication sector especially in cellular, paging, trunk radio and rural telecom services. The early operators skimmed the cream, like City Cell in cellular services, Sheba Telecom in rural telecom and Bangladesh Telecom Ltd. in Pager services for a long time. In 1996 the govt. provided licenses to 3 companies to operate GSM service in Bangladesh. These companies TM International (BD) Ltd. (TMIB), Grameen Phone (GP) Sheba Telecom came in the market with a very competitive tariff structure and the market accepted them very eagerly. Since then TM International (BD) Ltd. TMIB), a joint-venture company formed between Telecom Malaysia Berhad, holding 70% of the equity capital and 30% local shareholding by A. K. Khan Co. Limited, branding its services on the name of AKTEL in Bangladesh. It is a company incorporated in Bangladesh with the objective of offering the state of the art and modern telecommunications services to the People of Bangladesh at competitive price. Keeping this objective in mind, the management of TMIB has been trying to achieve continuous improvement in its product offerings and services. To accelerate this process of continuous improvement and to Know more about the expectations of the market, the need for a research on customers perception towards its present products and services is obvious. By analyzing the consumer perception towards the products and services of AKTELs various Packages of TM International Bangladesh Limited is full of complexity. In the context of a developing country like Bangladesh, the need for marketing of products through consumer perception analysis provides a very important dimension for an organization to improve their services. The policies and practices in the matter of analyzing the behavior of customers, becomes an important factor in this research. And how the employees get aware to achieve the target of AKTEL is the main objective of this report. Thus, the customer perception towards the various packages of AKTEL is very crucial because its a must for the authority of TMIB to know about the customers feedback of their current market activities and its effectiveness. By carrying out this survey the organization will get the opportunity to know the customer feedback as well as how they can modify their present marketing activities. In turn they will be able to formulate some guidelines for modifying the current market mix, and if necessary to make it more effective so that they can attract more customers. 1. AKTEL: An Organizational Profile Overview of the Company AKTEL is a mobile operator, which concentrates on offering GSM communication services for private and corporate customers. Their intention is to promote the wireless lifestyle-the complete mobile society. TMIB is in the GSM Telephony business. With the technological development in future, TMIB will adopt cost-effective and more effective technology to provide a state of the art and comprehensive service to its customers. TMIBs vision is to continuously monitor its customers needs, wants and to plan accordingly. It will monitor the development of the technology and update itself to meet customer needs. Background/Historical Summary TM International (Bangladesh) Limited (TMIB), a joint venture company of Telekom Malaysia Sdn. Bhd., of Malaysia and A. K. Khan Company Ltd. of Bangladesh has started its commercial operation in Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh as a GSM 900 cellular phone operator on 15th November, 1997. A tremendous success in Dhaka, TMIB has started its operations in Chittagong on March 26, 1998. TMIB uses the Global System for Mobile (GSM) communications as the digital cellular system, which is fully featured with services like Basic Telephony, Data and Value Added Services, (VAS). TMIB has an integrated and fully computerized Customer Care Billing System (CCBS) which supports virtually all subscriber-related functions. The Company AKTEL of the Telekom Malaysia Bangladesh, with a full title being: Mobil Telecommunications was founded as a joint company of the Telekom Malaysia Sdn. Berhad from Malaysia and the A. K. Khan Co. of Dhaka, Bangladesh. It operates as a Limited Liability Company, w here a founder and a majority shareholder, the TMIB- member of the Telecom Malaysia, owns 70% shares, while the minority shares of 30 % are being controlled by the A. K. Khan Co. Bangladesh. The organization is headed by its Chief Executive designated as the Managing Director entrusted with overall responsibilities of business direction of the organization and leading dynamically towards the attainment of its Vision, Mission and Goal. In attaining the above mission, the MD is assisted by 4 general managers TMIB has established a strong and formidable sales channel, which consists of direct dealers and its own sales force. TMIB is the Digital Cellular Telephony Business. With a technological development in future, TMIB will adopt any cost effective and more efficient technology to provide state of the art and comprehensive service to its customers. TMIBs vision is to continuously monitor its customers needs and to plan accordingly. It will monitor the development of technology and u pdated self to meet customer demand. 2. Mission Statement Of AKTEL AKTELs Vision: To be the most preferred GSM cellular provider in Bangladesh AKTELs Mission: To provide total customer satisfaction the company strives to become the most preferred GSM cellular service provider in Bangladesh. TMIB will achieve this through developing people, products, and services of the highest quality and meeting the needs of its customers, employees, shareholders, and the nation. AKTELs Theme: Customer First 3. The Marketing Strategies of TMIB Marketing Strategies: TM always wants to achieve the desired sales growth and customer base. TM wants to encourage the existing customers to use more of their services. They launched a package called AKTEL EID DOUBLE BONUS which was one of their successful initiatives for obtaining potential customers. Product Positioning Initially TMs target was to reach the top, but other mobile operators are also targeting to the grass roots level and thus increasing their customer base. TM wants to be the leader with good quality and designing products for the middle and lower middle class range too. Marketing Mix: Product  ¨ Continuous improvement of quality  ¨ Repositioning of slow moving products to different target markets  ¨ Always branding AKTEL with all packages with a GSM service Price  ¨ Necessary changes in tariff structure, and changes and terms and conditions.  ¨ Penetration pricing in the face of competition  ¨ Skimming policy possible Promotion  ¨ Brochures with all necessary info  ¨ Press ads  ¨ TV commercials (in future)  ¨ Billboards Place/Distribution  ¨ Make effective use of distribution  ¨ Make product service delivery system more effective and less time consuming  ¨ Wider distribution network to make service more accessible. 4. The Company in Bangladesh Chain of Command The organization is headed by its Chief Executive designated as the Managing Director entrusted with overall responsibilities of business direction of the organization and leading dynamically towards the attainment of its Vision, Mission and Goal. In attaining the above mission, the MD is assisted by 4 general managers TMIB has established a strong and formidable sales channel, which consists of direct dealers and its own sales force. The way TMIB Defines Business TMIB is the Digital Cellular Telephony Business. With a technological development in future, TMIB will adopt any cost effective and more efficient technology to provide state of the art and comprehensive service to its customers. TMIBs vision is to continuously monitor its customers needs and to plan accordingly. It will monitor the development of technology and updated self to meet customer demand. Long-Term Vision of the Company: AKTEL strongly believes that subscribers are their most valuable assets. They have a strong Customer Service Center. To always be with their customers the AKTEL Help Line is there. AKTEL has successfully migrated to a new switch with higher capacities in terms of accommodating higher customer base and as well as to let them use all the basic supplementary services under GSM technology. TMIB expertise and experience are acknowledged throughout the industry. Demand is growing all the time, not simply for the services it already provides, but for greater and more diversified services and even higher quality performance. Its pace is fast, rewards are high and work is of constant challenge. They introduced the both-way national roaming all through their network coverage. The Prepaid services with enhanced features have been commercially commenced successfully and now they are taking some projects to accumulate more advanced technological features in their network. In terms of Network Qual ity, the company will ensure not only the equipment are of world class standard but more importantly its size or capacity is catered to the right dimensioning of customer base, in order not to face the problems of drop calls or congestion. All these are done through proper planning, control and schedule maintenance program. They maintain the benchmark for providing the quality services. They monitor these through generating regular reports and on site survey. If there are any weak signals or a call drops, the skilled engineers are providing services round the clock to resolve the problem instantly. The most important key resource factor in TMIB is its efficient human resource. Moreover, its decisions are based on facts from market research and coverage survey. Moreover, the above objectives can only be achieved through the right people. AKTEL has put its keen eyes in developing its employees through proper training, as they believe that the most important asset for TMIB is its staff members. So they are ensuring quality services by quality people. TMIB has the plan to give opportunity to every household in using cellular service in the country at the competitive price providing unparalleled quality service and customer care. In achieving this goal, they cant wait for more interconnection facilities with the fixed network. TMIB is planing to enforce their strong efforts to create their own independent network. They have already started the Dhaka-Chittagong AKTEL backbone. The future plan is to vigorously expand the network, which was called cell to cell expansion, covering almost all the regions of Bangladesh within the year 2005. Global Mission of the Company: AKTEL wants to provide its customers the best quality service in terms of: Trusted technology around the world Wide coverage with digital clarity Digital security with peace of mind Various choices of value-added features Better customer service-not just promised, but delivered Competitive rate and better billing Objectives of the Company: Total commitment to the needs of customers To follow the highest ethical standards Continuous improvement of all work processes Permanent improvement of all the employees knowledge and skills Securing the quality of the service to match the quality of service offered by the worlds most successful companies in the field Preserving the companys leading position in the national market of mobile Telecommunications. 5. Mission In Bangladesh TMIB as a Venture TMIB is a company incorporated in Bangladesh with the objective of offering the state-of-the art and modern telecommunications services to the people of Bangladesh at competitive prices. TMIB is a joint venture company formed between Telecom Malaysia Berhad and A.K Khan Company Ltd. The Business Slogan -Clearly Ahead The whole is the sum of parts and when the best come together the results can be truly spectacular. TMIB brings AKTEL Mobile phone service, a digital cellular phone service, which will prepare better for life in the fast lane. AKTEL GSM always keeps so near even when so far. AKTEL GSM wants to provide the following in order to ensure that they can gain potential customers as well as market share: The technology trusted around the world Wide coverage with digital clarity Digital security with peace of mind Various choices of value added features Better customer care not just promised, but delivered Competitive rate and better billing. 6. The Marketing Area of TMIB Advertisement and Promotion: AKTEL GSM are trying to convert non users to mobile phone users stressing the benefit of GSM services, and with the service benefit of AKTEL that will make their life easier. To serve the market more accurately their target market will be further segmented based on psychographics and business sites. The strive to develop a better product will be a continuous process. Conducting of market research will be held every 3 months. They will use their import to develop new products based on the data they will get from survey. Thus the product will be designed to meet the customers need. AKTEL has a wide variety of promotional activities. The promotional mix includes T.V., radio, newspapers, magazines, flyers, brochures, etc. AKTEL has also put up billboards at certain strategic locations in order to attract customers as well as give their products and services a boost so that they can increase their customer base. AKTEL branding has been carried in order to bring about its brand awareness. They are trying to identify AKTEL as a unique product so that it can be differentiated from its competitors. Billboards are there to attract attention and appeal to customers so that they are aware of AKTELs products and services. Mostly billboards have been put on main roads and some major shopping centers around Dhaka city like Eastern Plaza, where mostly the younger generation hang out. This in turn would attract that segment of customers within a specific age group, i.e. teenagers and people in their early twenties, as this generation has the urge to communicate frequently and be up-to-date on recent events. Thus, by promoting their products and services through these various media, electronic as well as press advertisements, AKTEL can well be in the way of obtaining its vision and so resulting in a higher subscriber base and in turn a higher potential market share. The marketing division distributes leaflets or brochures so those new customers can find out information about AKT ELs various packages and choose from among them. The Promotional Activities of AKTEL: Cellular phone service: TMIB brings customers the AKTEL mobile phone service. Fully digital cellular phone services that will prepare customers better in their day-to day activities, thus making their lives easier. AKTEL has been successful in bringing together the world leaders in various technologies, giving Bangladesh world class cellular phone service. Better Billing: Always keeping customers so near even when they are so far. AKTEL has been successful in bringing together the world leaders in various technologies. Better Switching: AKTEL cellular switching system provides the customers the state-of-the-art GSM technology, which will give customers the winning edge all the way. SIM-Card Identity Number: With the AKTEL Cellular Phone service, customers will have more than just a number. Simply because the GSM lays emphasis on the subscriber identification module (SIM) card, a key component of the whole process. It is computer chip card, which is highly secured against fraud. A microchip embedded in the plastic card stores PIN (Personal Identification Number), code personal phone directory, and details of call made. As a result, the customers can use a SIM card on any GSM 900 phone. So, even if the customers cellular phone is not handy, the customer borrows another one, insert their SIM card and its business as usual. This electronic smart card also contains a unique PIN just as an ATM card does in order to prevent misuse as it can fall into wrong hands. Consistent and High Voice: People who listen to music on CD are aware that digitized music may result in sharper and clearer audio quality. With GSM too, digitization of voices is done, therefore maintaining high quality. Security: It is almost impossible for anyone to tap or listen in on a conversation in the AKTEL cellular network. Digitization encodes speech and dynamic allocation of frequency makes it impossible for outsiders to enter a call. Incidentally, the technology that makes it possible for individual to talk better also makes it for anyone to intrude on their privacy audio quality. With GSM it is also possible for digitization of voice so that high quality is maintained. Exciting AKTEL Service: AKTEL offers a very comprehensive range of value added services for those on the move. Each service is designed to help the customers in specific frequently encountered solutions. Services like these will surely revolutionize the way customers communicate. AKTEL Itemized Billing: This service entitles the customers to a detailed bill with an accurate breakup of the call charges, including the date, duration and numbers of incoming and outgoing calls. This is extremely handy in cases where the customers wish to keep track of expenses, or even to find out whether their card is being misused or not. International Roaming: The AKTEL mobile service will provide the customer with contractibility and the freedom to make and receive telephone calls to those GSM networks all over the world that have roaming agreements with AKTEL. So whenever a customer is within the service areas of these GSM networks, they will still be able to keep in touch with friend and family around the world. Choice of Handset: The AKTEL network has a chain of outlets where all the leading models makes accessories of GSM compatible mobile phones available. However, subscribers are free to procure their GSM cellular phones from any other source within the company or abroad provided these are duly paid and would connect to the AKTEL network. Distinctive Competence: The most important key source factor of TMIB is its efficient human resource. It is using the state-of-the-art GSM technology and continuously monitoring its network traffic to ensure network quality. Moreover, its decisions are based on facts from market research and coverage survey. The company also monitors its competitors activities and is proactive in marketing decisions. 7. Summary of the Case The author had a chance to work at the Human Resources Division of TMIB. As the division has played a vital role to achieve the companys goal, it is yet to develop its role. It has many projects on hand and yet it also has been monitoring various projects that have been implemented in the past. So the task was to delve deep into the present marketing scenario and conduct an in-depth analysis of the HR activities, i.e., their recruiting process, candidate selection, organize the interviews by preparing the evaluation sheet, compile each individuals file after joining the employees, updating the database after every recruitment. About 10 years back there was only BTTB to offer telecommunication services to the market in Bangladesh. Although there was tremendous market demand, due to lack of initiative on part of the government, this promising sector was not invested enough and deprived itself of lots of revenue, which it couldve earned easily. In 1990, for the first time the government allowed the private sector to invest in the telecommunication sector especially in cellular, paging, trunk radio and rural telecom services. The early operators skimmed the cream, like Citycell in cellular services, Sheba Telecom in rural telecom and Bangladesh Telecom Ltd. in Pager services for a long time. In 1996 the government. provided licenses to 3 companies to operate GSM service in Bangladesh. These companies which are Telekom Malaysia International (BD) Ltd. (TMIB), Grameen Phone (GP) Sheba Telecom came into the market with a very competitive tariff structure and the market accepted them very eagerly. Since then TMIB, a joint-venture company formed between Telecom Malaysia Berhad, holding 70% of the equity capital and 30% local shareholding by A. K. Khan Co. Limited, began branding its services in the name of AKTEL in Bangladesh. It is a company incorporated in Bangladesh with the object of offering the state-of-the-art and modern telecommunications services to the peopl e of Bangladesh at competitive prices. Keeping this objective in mind, the management of TMIB has been trying to achieve continuous improvement in its employee selection process and providing the best services. To accelerate this process of continuous improvement and to know more about the expectations of the market, the company needs to focus its internal resources along with the external. For a research on customers perception towards its present marketing mix it is obvious to take the best product (employees) for providing the best services towards the customers. Taking into account the customer perception of AKTELs various package offers as well as the existing market scenario is full of complexity. In the context of a developing country like Bangladesh, where the need for marketing of products through customer perception provides a very important dimension, the policies and practices in the matter of analyzing the behavior of customers, is a relevant part of this research. Thus , the study on the present marketing activities of AKTEL products and services is very crucial because the company should be aware about the customers feedback of their current market mix in terms of its effectiveness by which, they will get the opportunity to know how the customers feel about their product and service offerings and the effectiveness of the present marketing mix. In turn TMIB will be able to formulate some guidelines for modifying the existing market mix, and if the need arises if try to make it more effective. It has already been mentioned that from the very beginning TMIB has been trying continuously to ensure the effectiveness of their marketing strategies and designing a much precise and concrete marketing mix. And for all these tasks the internal activities in HR division helps a lot to meet the external demand of the customers. Objectives of the Study: The broad objective of this study is to find out the employee perception about the effectiveness of AKTELs various policies and strategies as well as their present marketing activities and promotional tools. In essence the objective of this report would be to: To find out the Employees perceptions and preferences of the various AKTEL packages in terms of their respective features and benefits to achieve the customers goal.. To see whether AKTELs Prepaid and postpaid packages offer the benefits or feature that customers want. To find out if the customer care center offer efficient To see if the promotional activities of AKTEL are gaining customer awareness To see whether AKTELs Prepaid packages are easily available and affordable Methodology of the Study: The methodology of the study was carried out using both primary as well as secondary information. There were some interviews taken from certain personnel in the marketing division as well as the customer acre center, which provided helpful information in regard to the report. There were some telephonic interviews conducted which was very time consuming. Apart from the interviews, various books, journal, brochures, newspaper and previous marketing reports also provided valuable information Limitation of the study: There was certain limitation for which this report had some obstacles. The data collected was based on the HR employees interviews, which was little more time consuming. The report had to be prepared within the daily routine of office work, which resulted in the prolonging or the data collection. Sometimes the data was really confidential for the AKTEL employees to share with the Intern. Thus, the report had to be done in accordance with the daily work activities and of course was constraint. Importance of the subject matter: The importance of the report is reflected in the analysis and findings part. It is very crucial for the organization to know how effective theyve been and what they should launch in the future in order to gain potential customer as well as market share. By conducting this report, it should be clear to the organization whether they are heading the right way and what tactics and strategies they should implement to ensure that their promotional tools are working properly and raising customers awareness. By putting more emphasis on their marketing activities they should be able to come up with and implement strategies that are in alignment with their vision i.e. ‘To be the most preferred GSM cellular provider in Bangladesh Legal Issues: Laws and Policies in Bangladesh There are certain laws and policies that mobile operators have to follow. The government only granted permission to mobile companies to operate in the country. At present they are not allowing any more mobile operators. So the existing mobile companies have to act in accordance with governments rule and regulations. Scope of the Research: The scope of the research was limited to providing a general overview of the marketing division and their present activities, i.e. what kind of promotional tools they are using and what impact id had on the media and the customers. During this -month internship program the major task was to provide an insight into the present market mix and customer perception of AKTELs products. Thus, the scope was limited to analyzing the present market strategies. 8. Situational/Problem Analysis: Macro-environmental factors: Michael Porter has provided conceptual framework for industry analysis. He developed a five-factor model for industry analysis. The model identifies five key structural features that determine the strength of the competitive forces within an industry and hence industry profitability. Though it is often used by organizations for entering new markets, it can also be used to see the competitiveness in the current market. The five-factor model includes the following: a) Bargaining Power of Buyer b) Bargaining Power of Seller c) Competitor d) Barriers to entry e) Substitution effect The following diagram illustrates how Porters five forces affect the industry: Porters Five Forces: A Model for Industry Analysis. The model of pure competition implies that risk-adjusted rates of return should be constant across firms and industries. However, numerous economic studies have affirmed that different industries can sustain different levels of profitability; part of this difference is explained by industry structure. Michael Porter provided a framework that models an industry as being influenced by five forces. The strategic business manager seeking to develop an edge over rival firms can use this model to better understand the industry context in which the firm operates. SUPPLIER POWER Supplier concentration Importance of volume to supplier Differentiation of inputs Impact of inputs on cost or differentiation Switching costs of firms in the industry Presence of substitute inputs Threat of forward integration Cost relative to total purchases in industry BARRIERS TO ENTRY Absolute cost advantages Proprietary learning curve Access to inputs Government policy RIVALRY THREAT OF Economies of scale Switching costs Buyer inclination to substitute SUBSTITUTES Price Performance Trade-off of substitute Capital requirements Brand identity Access to distribution Expected retaliation Proprietary products BUYER POWER Bargaining Leverage DEGREE OF RIVALRY Buyer volume Exit barriers Buyer Information Industry concentration Brand identity Fixed cost/ Value added Price sensitivity Industry growth Threat of Backward Integration Intermittent overcapacity Product differentiation 1. Rivalry: In the traditional economic model, competition among rival firms drives profits to zero. But competition is not perfect and firms are not unsophisticated passive price-takers. Rather, firms strive for a competitive advantage over their rivals. The intensity of rivalry among firms varies across industries, and strategic analysts are interested in theses differences. If rivalry among firms is low, the industry is considered to be disciplined. This discipline may result from the industrys history of competition, the role of a leading firm, or informal compliance with a generally understood code of conduct. When a rival acts in a way that elicits a response by other firms, rivalry intensifies. The intensity of rivalry commonly is referred to as being cutthroat, intense, moderate, or weak, based on the firms aggressiveness in attempting to gain an advantage. In pursuing an advantage over its rivals, firms can choose from several competitive moves: Changing prices: raising or lowering process to gain a temporary advantage Improve product differentiation-improving features, implementing innovations in the manufacturing process and in the product itself. Creatively using channels of distribution: using vertical integration or using a distribution channels that is novel to the industry. Exploiting relationships: with suppliers. The intensity of rivalry is influenced by the following characteristics: i. A larger number of firms increase rivalry because more firms must complete for the same customers and resources. The rivalry intensifies if the firms have similar market share, leading to a struggle for market leadership. ii. Slow market growth causes firms to fight for market share. In growing market, firma are able to prove revenues simply because f the expanding market. iii. High fixed costs result in an economy

Database Integration :: essays research papers

1. System Architektur Folgende Tools werden von uns fà ¼r verwendet, die es uns erlauben unseren Partnern eine sichere E-commerce Là ¶sung anzubieten.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Apache Web Server  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mod_SSL – Ein Modul fà ¼r SSL (Secure Socket Layers)  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  OpenSSL – Open Source Toolkit (benà ¶tigt fà ¼r Mod_SSL)  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  MySQL – Ein SQL Datenbank-Server  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  PHP4/Zend – Eine Server Sided Scripting Language Diagramm 1; System Architektur 2. Datenbank Integration Um den Kunden online Preisvergleiche anbieten zu kà ¶nnen, mà ¼ssen wir unsere Partner integrieren. Dazu benà ¶tigen wir eine Datenbank, die uns erlaubt die Politzen zu kalkulieren und es Ihnen ermà ¶glicht durch unser Back End die Daten mit einem Klick zu erneuern. Zur Integration der Datenbank mà ¶chten wir folgende Schritte vorschlagen:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Festhaltung Ihres Datenbanksystems  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Eruierung der Variablen die fà ¼r die Kalkulation benà ¶tigt werden  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Erstellung der Datenbank die Sie zum uploaden verwenden kà ¶nnen (Praktisch werden in der bereits bestehenden RDBMS (Relational Database Management System) neue Tabellen erstellt, die die Variablen zur Berechnung enthalten. Sollten sich Tarife à ¤ndern kà ¶nnen Sie dann selbstà ¤ndig Ihre Daten erneuern (Back End))  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Entwicklung des Back End (siehe 3. Das Back End) Systems Diagramm 2; Datenbank Integration 3. Das Back End Das Back End ermà ¶glicht es unseren Partnern Ihre Datenbank selbstà ¤ndig up-zuloaden. Dafà ¼r entwickeln wir eine Userplattform, in der Sie mit einem Username/Passwort – Erkennung Ihre Datenbank uploaden kà ¶nnen. Weiters checken wir Ihre IP – Adresse um sicher zu gehen, damit niemand anders Zugriff auf die Daten hat. Das Back End ist eine Webseite, auf die unter der URL http://www.versicherungsmarkt.at, mit einer anderen Portnummer (:2001) auf die mit den Sicherheitsdevicen zugegriffen werden kann. Username/Passwort – Erkennung  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Die Username/Passwort – Erkennung wird mit PHP4/Zend erstellt, und ermà ¶glicht es Ihnen im Gegensatz zu einer Apache – Erkennung „auszu-loggen.â€Å"  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Es ermà ¶glicht uns die Zugriffszeit zu limitieren. Zum Beispiel, wenn jemand fà ¼r im System eingeloggt ist und die Seite fà ¼r 30 Minuten nicht gebrowst hat, wird bei erneuten Zugriff eine Username/Passwort – Erkennung verlangt.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Die Erkennung erfolgt pro Seite. Sie kà ¶nnen auf Seitenbasis bestimmen, fà ¼r welche Seiten eine Erkennung zu erfolgen hat. Checking IP – Address Durch das Checken der IP – Adresse kà ¶nnen wir sicherstellen, dass nur bestimmte Rechner auf das Back – End Zugriff haben.

Internet gambling Essay

This document will inform you about the history of internet gambling, the existing issues, and a number of concerns involved with online gambling. Prior to the launching of the World Wide Web in 1993 which changed the setting of gambling, people had to travel great distances to gamble. The world’s first virtual online casino, Internet Casinos, Inc. (ICI) commenced operation on August 18, 1995 with 18 different casino games. Most of these online gambling companies are located outside of the U. S.to avoid government prosecution. ICI operates out of the Turks and Caicos Islands (Kish, 1999). One of the main reasons internet gambling started was because of costs. The value to start up an internet gambling site is around 1. 5 million dollars, which is half of what it costs to actually construct a casino. ICI estimates that the company averages about a twenty four percent profit margin, versus the typical United States casino, which ranges from eight percent to sixteen percent of each dollar wagered (Kish, 1999). An estimated twenty million people are currently online with a projected 160 million online by the year 2020. The overall market for online gambling is estimated to be approximately $49 billion worldwide (Kish, 1999). The history of internet gambling is only a decade old, however, its history will hold on for several more. There are several existing issues facing internet gambling. The first issues we will discuss are how to regulate internet gambling. The question raised by the emergence of Internet gambling is whether old laws–based mainly on a world of atoms–are still viable, and if not, in which way the Internet should be regulated (Walther, 2000). Some scholars believe that internet gambling needs to be regulated, and of course there are those that say let the owners of the sites regulate themselves. Regulatory procedures can be targeted at either or both of the providers and the consumers of gambling services. In the case of consumers, regulation is usually implemented by age, through prohibition of the participation of minors. Procedures might also be contrived to prohibit problem gamblers or undischarged bankrupts from engaging in gambling (Clarke, 2000). Another existing problem with internet gambling is The Wire Act which was intended to assist the states, territories and possessions of the United States, as well as the District of Columbia, in enforcing their respective laws on gambling and bookmaking and to suppress organized gambling activities. Subsection (a) of the Wire Act, a criminal provision, provides: â€Å"Whoever being engaged in the business of betting or wagering knowingly uses a wire communication facility for the transmission in interstate or foreign commerce of bets or wagers or information assisting in the placing of bets or wagers on any sporting event or contest, or for the transmission of a wire communication which entitles the recipient to receive money or credit as a result of bets or wagers, or for information assisting in the placing of bets or wagers, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than two years, or both† (Rodefer, 2003). During the House of Representatives debate on the bill, Congressman Emanuel Celler, Chairman of the House Judiciary Committee stated â€Å"[t]his bill only gets after the bookmaker, the gambler who makes it his business to take bets or to lay off bets. . . It does not go after the causal gambler who bets $2 on a race (Rodefer, 2003). What the government is having a problem with is that most internet gambling sites are run ran in foreign countries, and they cannot enforce this act against them. What they are trying to do is change the act to include these third parties. An example of this is the introduction of the Internet Gambling Prohibition Act of 1997 (Walther, 2000). The bill would have prohibited Internet gambling by extending the Wire Act’s prohibitions on traditional forms of gambling by phone or wire to the Internet (Walther, 2000). This amendment would provide penalties for online bets and wagers. This so far seems to be the best solution, however ethical and moral dilemmas still rest in the hands of our lawmakers today. The next issue facing internet gambling is taxes. This seems to be the government’s biggest issue. This is because of the billions of dollars we mentioned for profit by these online sites, government can gain significant amount of money from it. The legalization of Internet gambling may cause states to lose some revenue generated from legalized gambling operations because many gamblers would spend their money online (Lassani, 1998). Moreover, states lose revenue by not being able to tax gamblers who win over the Internet. Gamblers who win over the Internet have an incentive not to pay taxes on their winnings because the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) lacks the resources to track online gamblers (Lassani, 1998). The likelihood of addiction to Internet gambling among both children and adults is an extremely important concern. In relation to addiction, children are more likely to become addicted to something new than adults (Smith, 2004). For example, the video game-like nature of virtual casinos, labeled the â€Å"crack cocaine of gambling,† could make online gambling a temptation difficult to resist. Furthermore, the fact that the Internet gambler need not leave the comfort and privacy of his or her home could mean that an individual might become easily addicted. This is the worst thing about internet gambling, because there will not be anyone to detect if a person is addicted or not. Consequently the only aid they will get is their selves, and that leaves the player defenseless against the dependence of gambling. Having to go to the casino to gamble has better chances of knowing who is addicted and who is not, they have hired hands to detect this problem, unlike the home atmosphere. Kevin O’Neill, Deputy Director of New Jersey’s Council on Compulsive Gambling says â€Å"The real threat comes from the isolation and secrecy of the betting activity itself. † â€Å"I call this threat the cave syndrome due to the gambler’s isolated behavior and hidden activity† (Wharry, 2001). In closing the short lived World Wide Web as created pandemonium with our lawmakers. The dilemma of how everyone interprets the Wire Act is a major concern. The efforts to amend it to make all users liable for using the websites are tiresome, and stopping foreigners from creating internet gambling sites seems never-ending since the United States cannot control them. In just over a decade there are over twenty million users, expected to increase to 160 million in the next 14 years. Its revenue is over 49 billion dollars and increasing. There are more profit margins with online gambling than the traditional casino. The cost to create a gambling web is 1. 5 million dollars compared to the 300 million to build a casino, this creates profit and increases attendance because of its trouble-free access. One important concern with internet gambling is addiction. Children are easily addicted to new things than adults and it will make it harder to control and detect gambling addiction. Internet gambling is a good creation for those people who can control themselves, but for those who cannot have a greater chance to end up bankrupt. Thus we can see from this example alone, why lawmakers are having such problems to secure the problem, do they let it carry on or let people put themselves in jeopardy of losing everything. Michael Bolcerek the President of The Poker Group said, â€Å"It’s a personal liberty issue with regard to how you spend your money and what you see over the Internet†(Roth, 2006). References: Clarke, R. (2000, December). The feasibility of regulating gambling on the internet . Retrieved May 5, 2006, from Regulations of internet gambling Web site: http://www. anu. edu. au/people/Roger. Clarke/II/FeasIGR. html Kish, S. (1999). An analysis of the government’s role in addressing internet gambling. Betting on the Net, 51(no 2), 449-6. Lessani, A.M. (1998, May). How much do you want to bet that the internet gambling prohibition act of 1997 is not the most effective way to tackle the problems of online gambling. Retrieved May 4, 2006, from The Internet Gambling Prohibition Act: An Analysis Web site: http://www. gseis. ucla. edu/iclp/alessani. html Rodefer, J. (2003). Federal wire wager act. Retrieved May 5, 2006, from Gambling-Law- US. com Web site: http://www. gambling-law-us. com/Federal-Laws/wire-act. htm Roth, B. (2006, April 25). Foes try to squelch online gambling. Knight Ridder Tribune Business News, [1]. Smith, A. (2004). Controversial and emerging issues associates with eybergambling (e-casinos). Online Information Review. 28(6), 435-443. Walther, F. M. (2000). A comparative u. s. -swiss perspective. Retrieved May 5, 2006, from Internet Gambling Related Regulatory Questions and Enforcement Problems Web site: http://stlr. stanford. edu/STLR/Events/gambling/contents_f. html#note5 Wharry, S. (2001). E-Gambling threat worries addiction experts. You Bet Your Life, 165,325.

Free Essays on King Vs. Socrates

The relationship between Socrates and Martin Luther King The similarities between Martin Luther King and Socrates are so close that it’s hard to imagine that either could have come up with their ideas alone. I believe as King quoted Socrates with, â€Å"†¦it was necessary to create a tension in the mind so that individuals could rise from the bondage of myths and half truths to the unfettered realm of creative analysis and objective appraisal†¦ to the majestic heights of understanding,† King stemmed his beliefs and strong arguments from ideas of fellow extremists. When reading King’s Letter from Birmingham Jail the first thing that came to mind was how closely related Socrates and King’s argument are about â€Å"the willingness of accepting the penalty by staying in jail to arouse the conscience of the community over its injustice,† as quoted by King. Is not the above quote what was the whole basis of Socrates argument in Plato’s Crito? Of course it was, the whole reason King couldn’t decide to escape from jail is because, â€Å"I would rather die having spoken after my manner than speak in your manner and live.† Socrates explains that â€Å"it is not possible that a bad man should injure someone better than himself.† While King says something of similar meaning with, â€Å"they have gone with the faith that right defeated is stronger than evil triumphant.† Socrates speaks of living a life in jail for what he believes of expanding the minds of Athenians to treasure â€Å" the improvemen t of the soul† while King’s beliefs reflect the same idea with, â€Å"the willingness to go to jail for conscience’s sake.† Would Socrates agree with King’s arguments? Without a doubt I would say Socrates would definitely understand King’s points and completely understand the need for direct and strong measures taken to stand for what the African Americans believe they needed to do for a â€Å"just cause.†... Free Essays on King Vs. Socrates Free Essays on King Vs. Socrates The relationship between Socrates and Martin Luther King The similarities between Martin Luther King and Socrates are so close that it’s hard to imagine that either could have come up with their ideas alone. I believe as King quoted Socrates with, â€Å"†¦it was necessary to create a tension in the mind so that individuals could rise from the bondage of myths and half truths to the unfettered realm of creative analysis and objective appraisal†¦ to the majestic heights of understanding,† King stemmed his beliefs and strong arguments from ideas of fellow extremists. When reading King’s Letter from Birmingham Jail the first thing that came to mind was how closely related Socrates and King’s argument are about â€Å"the willingness of accepting the penalty by staying in jail to arouse the conscience of the community over its injustice,† as quoted by King. Is not the above quote what was the whole basis of Socrates argument in Plato’s Crito? Of course it was, the whole reason King couldn’t decide to escape from jail is because, â€Å"I would rather die having spoken after my manner than speak in your manner and live.† Socrates explains that â€Å"it is not possible that a bad man should injure someone better than himself.† While King says something of similar meaning with, â€Å"they have gone with the faith that right defeated is stronger than evil triumphant.† Socrates speaks of living a life in jail for what he believes of expanding the minds of Athenians to treasure â€Å" the improvemen t of the soul† while King’s beliefs reflect the same idea with, â€Å"the willingness to go to jail for conscience’s sake.† Would Socrates agree with King’s arguments? Without a doubt I would say Socrates would definitely understand King’s points and completely understand the need for direct and strong measures taken to stand for what the African Americans believe they needed to do for a â€Å"just cause.†...

Nuclear Energy and Nuclear Waste essays

Nuclear Energy and Nuclear Waste essays Nuclear energy is by far the most efficient and environmentally friendly of all the sources of electricity. Nuclear power provides economic and environmental benefits; "in particular, it can make an important contribution to what is likely to be the dominant environmental imperative of the twenty-first century - limiting emissions of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide" (Nuclear Energy Agency [NEA], 3). The greatest advantage of nuclear power is its ability to produce so much energy from such a small fuel volume. One kilogram (2.2 pounds) of coal generates four kilowatts of electricity, as does a kilogram of oil, but a kilogram of uranium generates 400,000 kilowatts of electricity (Spun, 2002). One of the greatest problems with nuclear energy is the waste produced. Nuclear reactors produce tons of radioactive waste each year, and there is always the question of what to do with it. Nuclear waste is sometimes referred to as the Achilles' heel of the nuclear power industry an d for the industry to keep expanding; an effective solution needs to be found on how to permanently dispose of the nuclear waste produced. The main rationale for permanent disposal is the need to safeguard high-level wastes, to isolate them in perpetuity (Shrader-Frechette, 3). These wastes and spent fuels have many effects on the lives of people today. To the government and the environment, the nuclear waste that is building up is expensive to handle, and it is dangerous to use. The problem that is encountered when wanting to come up with a solution to permanently dispose of nuclear waste is that they have such a long half-life. Technitium-99 is produced during nuclear-reactor operation and nuclear-weapons production, and it has a half-life of 212,000 years (Gorman, 235). The half-life of a radioactive element is the time that is taken for half of it to decay to a stable form or into a less radioactive element in a kind of decay chain. Right now, al...

Week5 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week5 - Case Study Example Despite this picture of heroism, however, historical accounts indicate that the original crusade launched through the founding endeavor or St. Dominic was actually organized in a manner by which crusaders preached and begged on barefoot and plain suit. The mission failed for the objective to convert heretics and administer preaching to general public took on struggling efforts to the extent that the use of force was necessitated. Eventually, St. Dominic and the accompanying Dominicans only met with a narrow capacity to convert few French Cathars of the Languedoc. Hence, on this ground rests the basis for the claim of certain historians that crusades are considered â€Å"successful failures.† I further agree that such crusades made failures that amounted to victory for the zeal of the First Crusade did not merely subside but rather served as a source of motivation for the Second, Third, and Fourth Crusades. Nevertheless, hostilities and misfortunes emerged upon the Second Crusade when crusaders were severely defeated by the Muslims, paralyzing their ability to regain Jerusalem which in 1187 fell into the military clutches of Saladin instead. Perhaps the success side pertained more on the fact that pilgrimage to Jerusalem continued yet the losing side, on the other hand, comprised the truth that for hundreds of years, cultural imperialism of Islam at the longest period was immensely far from being driven out of the Holy Land. Compared to the initial state of crusade, the latter crusades had been influenced by the advancements made to the western civilization whereby the meaning and significance of ‘crusade’ has evolved from martial into clerically contextual implications. For one, legalized persuasions within religion to convert non-believers to a certain Christian denomination may acquire the label ‘crusade’ which can be

Rethorical analysis of Deep Play Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Rethorical analysis of Deep Play - Essay Example It should also outline the effectiveness of the techniques and examples of the techniques. It is vital to note that during a rhetorical analysis, the analyst does not simply agree with the argument outlined by the author. The rhetorical analysis discusses the techniques used by the author to make arguments. The rhetorical analysis of Diane Ackerman’s Deep Play is essential in the comprehension of the author’s objectives and the themes in the article. The heightened experiences of the society highlight issues such as creativity. According to the article, the society honors and respects the natural world. The author tackles the issue of creativity through the exploration of essential aspects such as the ability of humans to play. The way the author tells the story shows that the ability to play is important to the society because it reflects intricate connections in the social relationships and connections of the culture (Ackerman 19). Deep Play is a brilliant ethnographi c example of the theoretical change from functionalism to interpretative anthropology. Naturalist and poet Diane Ackerman uses meandering meditation to come up with the word deep play. This word refers to a number of things within the scope of the zone and flow, in addition to sacred play. The author’s subject is characterized by ecstasy and intensity. In this case, moments in the article are heightened when the senses and mind work at full capacity. The author’s acknowledgement helps in the creation of potent content for the reader. She also relies on previous works of eco-psychology and poetry. This content fits in the author’s broad conceit as she compiled a wide range of activities (Ackerman 22). The author is able to write using observation, which means that she shows her qualities when she writes about natural elements because they are observable. The author asserts that poetry functions as deep play, which explains why she used poetry in chapter six of he r book. Her observations enabled her to make conclusions about sports. She cited professional athletes as business like people. She also notes that amateurs are more playful than the business like professional athletes. The interpretive anthropology used by Diane Ackerman is based on the fact that meaning is possible. In this case, the meaning is interpreted because it is through differences that people can become aware of different aspects of their lives. These differences also enable them to compare these aspects. In the article Deep Play, Diane Ackerman responds to post colonial fieldwork experiences by using the constructionist theory of knowledge (Ackerman 24). This knowledge is essential in understanding the natural world. It also helps the author to create rapturous moods that awaken creativity and joy in the reader’s inner self. In Deep Play, the author argues that structuralism is different to interpretive or symbolic anthropology. The author implies that instead of using totem rites, myths and marriage rules as textual aspects of interpretation, structuralism uses them as ciphers. According to Diane Ackerman, structuralism does not seek to understand the symbolic forms according to how they function in concrete situations (Ackerman 33). The author seeks to understand the symbolic forms by covering panoply of spiritual, artistic and athletic activities. This plays a crucial role in understanding moments of human transcendence. Structuralism seeks to

Essay on Mental Health Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

On Mental Health - Essay Example Mental counselors consider the background of the client while advising him on a treatment package so that the treatment becomes affordable. Inclusion of the bartering system involving gifts in treatment packages are generally avoided by the consumer (Code of Ethics, 2000). Current treatment packages have been tailored according to the client’s needs. Treatment packages are directed towards early prevention as well as after care. But criticisms have come up against these treatment packages due to their adherence of strict duration irrespective of the patients needs. Some packages based on group treatments have been neglected individual care (Prinz, n.d). Payments under mental health services are also a complex issue as it is treated more categorically different than other health diseases under Medicare. Related medicines have also become more expensive (A Guide to Mental Wellness in Older Age: Recognizing and Overcoming Depression, n.d). Hence recent treatment packages have ben efitted the patients to some extents but also have proved to be costly. The current essay tends to address this issue through various cases and findings. Behavioral factors have always influenced health treatments and it is relatively more important for patients suffering from mental disorders. This factor is also clinically influential on the health conditions of the mental patients (American Psychiatry Association, 2000, p.732). Hence a proper behavior is essential while dealing with the mental patients. This falls under the ethical considerations of psychological treatment. Ethical Considerations The mental doctors or counselors should never hurt the patients by their behavior. No physical or mental torture will be tolerated by the client. Maintenance of trust during the treatment also falls under ethics. The client also needs to be fully aware of the nature of the treatment and its underlying expenses. Any kind of discriminations, be it gender or racial needs to be kept outside the purview of treatment. Engagement in close personal relationships during the course of treatment is considered to be harmful for the patients. Financial or business relationships should not be developed. It is important that mental patients continue with their treatments else it would prove detrimental. It is the doctor’s responsibility that mental patients come for their treatments regularly and consume the prescribed medicines (Code of Ethics, 2000). Treatment packages offered for mental patients Before suggesting any treatment for mental illness the doctors need to diagnose correctly the kind of mental disorder the patient is suffering from. This will certainly help the suggested treatment package to cater to the needs of the patients. The cause for such disorder is also equally important. Medical advance in the area of psychiatric treatment do help to serve these purposes. Mental illness treatment is considered to be either somatic or psychotherapeutic. Somatic disorde rs are to some extent curable with drugs. So psychiatrists often suggest drug therapy. These drugs consist of newly invented anti depressants. Medical prescriptions are prepared in accordance with the type of disorder. Electroconvulsive therapy is a part of psychotherapeutic method of treatment. Under such therapy electric shocks are given to the patients by attaching the electrodes to the patient’s head. Undoubtedly the treatment is a painful one but proved to be very effective for severe depressions that are less responsive to drugs (Doebbeling,

Encounters with crocodiles Essay Example for Free

Encounters with crocodiles Essay I found the crocodiles so intresting that i soon got over my loathing for them and yet with possible exception of as they run the hyenas they must be the meanest creatures in the AFRICAN scene.They will never openly attack,and they will not defend their own eggs ; directly you attempt to land ,into the water they go.It was unwise however to stand to close to the river bank especially at dusk the crocodile lunge out at you with his paws ;instead,having observed you carefully from midstream ,hen swim submeged into the shallows ,and with a sudden like moment of his tail he sweeps you into the water. One of the African boys in the park had been taken like this a few days before we arrived ,and it was no rare thing ,we were told ,for baby elephants to meet their end in just this way when they came down to the river to drink. then the mother elephants goes ranging along the bank quite powerless to retaliate.The crocodiles itself shas mortal enemies ,and not many of the sixty or seventy eggs which female lays,like turtle ,in a hole in a sand bank are destined to survive .Having laid her eggs (they are rather like large white goose -eggs),the mother covers up the hole and then sometimes departs. This is the moment for the moniter lizard to creep out of the undergrowth to scrape the sand away and then to gorge himself .Even if the nest remains undiscovered the young crcodiles need a gold deal of luck to survive. They come struggling to the surface of the sand little ten_inch_long rubbery thing ,and make directly for the water , hissing and snapping as they run .On the bank the marabaou stork with the speed of sword_play flicks them into his long bill ; and if you care to watch you can see the wriggling passage of the young crocodile down the bird scraggy throat.Sometimes the mother crocodile will try to defend her young at this perilous moment ,and this is a facinating thing to see.The marabou, with elaborate unconcern stand in about six inches of water waiting for the next tit bit to come swimming by,and from about twenty yards away the mother crocodile watches :just two murderous eyes above the surface of the stream .Then silently she submerges and come up again about ten y ards from marabou .The bird takes no notice .And now ,having again goes down .This time she is coming in for the kill .it is a matter of about two seconds the marabou abstractely and casually takes a backward step . At the same instant the tremendous jaws of the crocodiles come rearing out of the river and snap together in the empty air at the prcise spot where he was standing .green water streaming off her back ,the crocodiles subsides into river again;and the bird steps back to res ume its meal QUESTIONS/ANSWERS: Q1:what enabled the writer to get over his loathing for the crcodiles? Q2:what do crcodiles do when a person attempts to land on the river bank ? Q3:what method does the crocodiles use to capture ots prey?